1) Create Java file
package pck;

public class IntroduceVariable {
    /*static */ long currentTime = 42;

    void foo() {
        System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()); // #7
        System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis());
        System.currentTimeMillis();

        long i = currentTime;
        System.out.println(currentTime);

        class MyLocalClass {
            String s = "" + currentTime;

            {
                System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis());
                System.out.println(currentTime);
            }
        }
    }
}

2) Place cursor within currentTimeMillis() method call on line 7, right click->Refactor->Introduce->Variable...
Confirm selection of "System.currentTimeMillis()".

Introduce Variable dialog
Name: currentTime
Replace All Occurences (4) - check
OK


The resulting code (with my comments on wrong replacements) is:
package pck;

public class IntroduceVariable {
    /*static */ long currentTime = 42;

    void foo() {
        long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println(currentTime); // #7
        System.out.println(currentTime);
        currentTime; // Not a statement. Expression statements cannot be replaced by a variable name.

        long i = currentTime; // This should be this.currentTime (if the field is instance field), in case of static field -> IntroduceVariable.currentTime
        System.out.println(currentTime); // This should be this.currentTime (if the field is instance field), in case of static field -> IntroduceVariable.currentTime

        class MyLocalClass {
            String s = "" + currentTime; //This should be IntroduceVariable.this.currentTime (if the field is instance field), in case of static field -> IntroduceVariable.currentTime

            {
                System.out.println(currentTime); // OK
                System.out.println(currentTime); //This should be IntroduceVariable.this.currentTime (if the field is instance field), in case of static field -> IntroduceVariable.currentTime
            }
        }
    }
}

When fixing this, please considered also possibility that class MyLocalClass can declare its own field currentTime:
class MyLocalClass {
  String currentTime = "Hello";
  String s = "" + currentTime; 
  ...
}